Rule #1: Double the consonant
When adding 'ing', double the last consonant if the second last letter is a short vowel.
Examples:
hop = hopping
begin=beginning
quit=quitting
Examples:
hop = hopping
begin=beginning
quit=quitting
Rule #2: Drop the 'e', add 'ing'
When adding -ing, drop the 'e' and add 'ing'
Examples
bike=biking
bake=baking
hope=hoping
Examples
bike=biking
bake=baking
hope=hoping
Rule #3: Drop the 'y', add 'ies'
When adding 'ies', drop the e
Examples
fry=fries
story=stories
fly=flies
Examples
fry=fries
story=stories
fly=flies
Rule #4: i before e, except after c
Examples
receive
believe
receipt
'e' comes before 'i' when they make the 'ay' sound like in:
neighbor
weight
Weird is just weird, and doesn't follow any rules.
receive
believe
receipt
'e' comes before 'i' when they make the 'ay' sound like in:
neighbor
weight
Weird is just weird, and doesn't follow any rules.
Rule #5: -tion is a noun, -cian is a job,
Examples
information
election
contribution
musician
electrician
politician
information
election
contribution
musician
electrician
politician
Rule #6: ZH sound is -sion, -sion after letters L, N or R, -sion for root words ending in 'mit' or 'ss'
Examples
collision
confusion
mansion
pension
version
commission
discussion
compassion
collision
confusion
mansion
pension
version
commission
discussion
compassion
Rule # 7 R-influenced vowels
Examples
thirst
third
bird
shirt
thorn
shark
thirst
third
bird
shirt
thorn
shark
Rule #8: Their, there, they're
'their' indicates possession
Their dog is lost.
'there' indicates direction
The dog is over there.
'they're' is a contraction for 'they are'
They're going to the movie.
Their dog is lost.
'there' indicates direction
The dog is over there.
'they're' is a contraction for 'they are'
They're going to the movie.